IAS Geography Mains-2000

Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
INSTRUCTIONSEach question is printed both in Hindi and in English.Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate.Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.Illustrate your answers with suitable sketch-maps and diagrams.
SECTION 'A'
Q. 1. On the supplied outline map of the world mark any TEN of the following and also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of each of them in not more than TEN words :-
(a) Addis Ababa
(b) Vladivostok
(c) Mt. Cotopaxi
(d) Mt. Gunnbjorn
(e) Pidurutalagala
(f) Amu Darya
(g) Long Island
(h) Nubian Desert
(i) Karkloof Waterfall
(j) Yellow Sea
(k) Great Bear Lake
(l) Welland Canal.
Q. 2. With reference to the theory of Plate Tectonics, explain the origin and growth of the young Fold Mountain Systems of the world.
Q. 3. Give an account of the types and distribution of precipitation on the surface of the earth.
Q.4. Discuss the causes and consequences of environmental degradataion and highlight the related conservation measures.
SECTION `B'
Q. 5. Write short notes on any THREE of the following (each answer should be in about 200 words) :
(a) T-S diagram
(b) Soil Profile
(c) Rank-Size Rule
(d) The limits to growth.
Q. 6. Discuss the causes and consequences of population migration in the world.
Q. 7. Explain the basis and applicability of Christallar's Central Place Theory. Bring out the recent modifications.
Q. 8. What is a region ? Discuss the types of regions and-the methods of regionalization.

Geography - 2000 (Main) (Paper - II)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
INSTRUCTIONSEach question is printed both in Hindi and in English.Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate.Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.Illustrate your answers with suitable sketch-maps and diagrams.
SECTION 'A'
Q. 1. Draw an outline map of India covering the major portion of a page of your answer-book and mark on it ten of the following entries :
(i) Cauvery
(ii) Narmada river
(iii) Chilka lake
(iv) Nagarjunsagar
(v) Agra
(vi) Cochin
(vii) Satpura range
(viii) Aravalli hills
(ix) Bombay High
(x) Kaziranga National Park
(xi) Kargil region
(iiu) National Highway No. 7
Q. 2. Describe the structure and relief features of Peninsular India.
Q. 3. Analyse the distribution of population in India in the perspective of natural resources and identify the over-populated and under-populated regions in the country.
Q. 4. Discuss the growth, location and distribution of Iron and Steel Industry in India.
SECTION `B'
Q. 5. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each :
(a) Explain the concept of multi-level planning in India.
(b) Analyse the recent trends in Indian International Trade.
(c) Examine the National Forest Policy of India.
(d) Discuss the environmental impact of the growth of slums in Indian cities.
Q. 6. Describe the salient characteristics of the morphology of Indian cities.
Q. 7. Analyse the role of India in the geo-politics of the Indian Ocean Region.
Q. 8. Give a reasoned account of either flood hazards or drought hazards occurring in India, and also suggest measures for controlling them

Highlights of First Quarter Review of RBI's Annual Policy Statement for 2007-08

Bank Rate kept unchanged. Reverse Repo Rate and Repo Rate under LAF kept unchanged. Withdrawal of the ceiling of Rs. 3,000 crore on daily reverse repo under the LAF with effect from Monday, August 6, 2007. The Reserve Bank, however, retains the discretion to re-impose a ceiling as appropriate. The second LAF, conducted between 3.00 p.m. and 3.45 p.m. on a daily basis, is withdrawn with effect from Monday, August 6, 2007. Cash Reserve Ratio to be increased by 50 basis points to 7.0 per cent with effect from the fortnight beginning August 4, 2007. GDP growth projection for 2007-08 retained at around 8.5 per cent, barring domestic or external shocks. Holding inflation within 5.0 per cent in 2007-08 assumes priority in the policy hierarchy, while reinforcing the medium-term objective to condition policy and perceptions to reduce inflation to 4.0-4.5 per cent on a sustained basis. While non-food credit growth has decelerated, the acceleration in money supply and reserve money warrants an appropriate response. Recent financial market developments in India and potential uncertainties in global markets warrant a higher priority in the policy hierarchy for managing appropriate liquidity conditions at the current juncture. Barring the emergence of any adverse and unexpected developments in various sectors of the economy and keeping in view the current assessment of the economy including the outlook for inflation, the overall stance of monetary policy in the period ahead will broadly continue to be: To reinforce the emphasis on price stability and well-anchored inflation expectations while ensuring a monetary and interest rate environment that supports export and investment demand in the economy so as to enable continuation of the growth momentum. To re-emphasise credit quality and orderly conditions in financial markets for securing macroeconomic and, in particular, financial stability while simultaneously pursuing greater credit penetration and financial inclusion. To respond swiftly with all possible measures as appropriate to the evolving global and domestic situation impinging on inflation expectations, financial stability and the growth momentum.

External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) Policy - August 2007

The External Commercial Borrowing (ECB) policy is constantly reviewed by the Government in consultation with Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to keep it in tune with the evolving macroeconomic situation, changing market conditions, sectoral requirements, the external sector and the lessons of experience. Based on such review, government has decided on 7th August 2007 to modulate the capital inflows through ECB by modifying some aspects of the policyas indicted below: (i) Henceforth, ECB more than USD 20 million per borrowing company would be permitted only for foreign currency expenditure for permissible end-uses of ECB. Accordingly, borrowers raising ECB more than USD 20 million shall park the ECB proceeds overseas for use as foreign currency expenditure for permissible end-uses. The above modifications would be applicable to ECB exceeding USD 20 million per financial year both under the Automatic Route and under the Approval Route. (ii) ECB up to USD 20 million per borrowing company would be permitted for foreign currency expenditure for permissible end-uses under the Automatic Route and these funds shall be parked overseas and not remitted to India. Borrowers proposing to avail ECB up to USD 20 million for rupee expenditure for permissible end-uses would require prior approval of the Reserve Bank under the Approval Route. However, such funds shall be continued to be parked overseas until actual requirement in India. (iii) All other aspects of ECB policy such as USD 500 million limit per company per year under the Automatic Route, eligible borrower, recognised lender, average maturity period, all-in-cost-ceiling, prepayment, refinancing of existing ECB and reporting arrangements remain unchanged. (iv) These conditions will not apply to borrowers who have already entered into loan agreement and obtained loan registration numbers from the Reserve Bank. Borrowers who have taken verifiable and effective steps wherein the loan agreement has been entered into to avail of ECB in the previous dispensation, and not obtained the loan registration number, may apply to the Reserve Bank through their Authorised Dealer. (v) The above amendment in ECB policy will come into force with immediate effect